"Unleashing 5G Seamless Integration With TSN for Industry 5.0: Frame Forwarding and QoS Treatment", Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Pablo Munoz, Pablo Ameigeiras, IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 6, pp. 4874-4884, 2025. DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3574397

@ARTICLE{11016774,
  author={Adamuz-Hinojosa, Oscar and Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Munoz, Pablo and Ameigeiras, Pablo},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society}, 
  title={Unleashing 5G Seamless Integration With TSN for Industry 5.0: Frame Forwarding and QoS Treatment}, 
  year={2025},
  volume={6},
  number={},
  pages={4874-4884},
  keywords={5G mobile communication;Quality of service;Delays;Bridges;Ethernet;3GPP;Cloud computing;Job shop scheduling;Fifth Industrial Revolution;Wireless communication;5G;industry 5.0;TSN;QoS;testbed;VxLAN},
  doi={10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3574397},
  impact = {(IF=6.3, Q1)},
  project = {6gchronos|6ginspire}
}

"Experimental 5G Network Performance Analysis in a Semi-Anechoic and Semi-Reverberation Chamber", Felix Delgado-Ferro, Alejandro Ramirez-Arroyo, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan F. Valenzuela-Valdes, IEEE Access, 13, pp. 79678-79693, 2025. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3566446

@ARTICLE{10982060,
  author={Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Ramirez-Arroyo, Alejandro and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Valenzuela-Valdes, Juan F.},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  title={Experimental 5G Network Performance Analysis in a Semi-Anechoic and Semi-Reverberation Chamber},
  year={2025},
  volume={13},
  number={},
  pages={79678-79693},
  keywords={5G mobile communication;Reliability;Throughput;Performance analysis;Telecommunication network reliability;3GPP;Principal component analysis;Accuracy;Ultra reliable low latency communication;Base stations;5G network;5G performance;anechoic chamber;feature importance analysis;multivariate exploratory data analysis;new radio;principal component analysis;reverberation chamber},
  doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3566446},
  impact = {(IF=3.4, Q2)},
  project = {6gchronos|6ginspire}
}

"An Optimization Model for Resource Allocation in Multi-Tenant LoRaWAN Scenarios", Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Jonathan Prados-Garzon, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, pp. 1-1, 2025. DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2025.3569060

@ARTICLE{11000326,
  author={Chinchilla-Romero, Natalia and Prados-Garzon, Jonathan and Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge},
  journal={IEEE Internet of Things Journal},
  title={An Optimization Model for Resource Allocation in Multi-Tenant LoRaWAN Scenarios},
  year={2025},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-1},
  keywords={LoRaWAN;Resource management;Quality of service;Internet of Things;Delays;Network slicing;Throughput;5G mobile communication;Heuristic algorithms;Optimization;LoRaWAN;NS;multi-tenancy;IoT;resource allocation;channel;SF;optimization},
  doi={10.1109/JIOT.2025.3569060},
  impact = {(IF=8.2, Q1)},
  project = {6gchronos|6ginspire}
}

"Combining 5G New Radio, Wi-Fi, and LiFi for Industry 4.0: Performance Evaluation", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Ferran Canellas, Daniel Camps-Mur, Amin Emami, Hamid Falaki, Sensors, 24 (18), 2024. DOI: 10.3390/s24186022

Fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are designed to support enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications, and massive Machine-Type Communications. To meet these diverse needs, 5G uses technologies like network softwarization, network slicing, and artificial intelligence. Multi-connectivity is crucial for boosting mobile device performance by using different Wireless Access Technologies (WATs) simultaneously, enhancing throughput, reducing latency, and improving reliability. This paper presents a multi-connectivity testbed from the 5G-CLARITY project for performance evaluation. MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) was employed to enable mobile devices to send data through various WATs simultaneously. A new MPTCP scheduler was developed, allowing operators to better control traffic distribution across different technologies and maximize aggregated throughput. Our proposal mitigates the impact of limitations on one path affecting others, avoiding the Head-of-Line blocking problem. Performance was tested with real equipment using 5GNR, Wi-Fi, and LiFi —complementary WATs in the 5G-CLARITY project—in both static and dynamic scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheduler can manage the traffic distribution across different WATs and achieve the combined capacities of these technologies, approximately 1.4 Gbps in our tests, outperforming the other MPTCP schedulers. Recovery times after interruptions, such as coverage loss in one technology, were also measured, with values ranging from 400 to 500 ms.

@Article{s24186022,
AUTHOR = {Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J. and Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Canellas, Ferran and Camps-Mur, Daniel and Emami, Amin and Falaki, Hamid},
TITLE = {Combining 5G New Radio, Wi-Fi, and LiFi for Industry 4.0: Performance Evaluation},
JOURNAL = {Sensors},
VOLUME = {24},
YEAR = {2024},
NUMBER = {18},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {6022},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6022},
ISSN = {1424-8220},
ABSTRACT = {Fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are designed to support enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications, and massive Machine-Type Communications. To meet these diverse needs, 5G uses technologies like network softwarization, network slicing, and artificial intelligence. Multi-connectivity is crucial for boosting mobile device performance by using different Wireless Access Technologies (WATs) simultaneously, enhancing throughput, reducing latency, and improving reliability. This paper presents a multi-connectivity testbed from the 5G-CLARITY project for performance evaluation. MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) was employed to enable mobile devices to send data through various WATs simultaneously. A new MPTCP scheduler was developed, allowing operators to better control traffic distribution across different technologies and maximize aggregated throughput. Our proposal mitigates the impact of limitations on one path affecting others, avoiding the Head-of-Line blocking problem. Performance was tested with real equipment using 5GNR, Wi-Fi, and LiFi —complementary WATs in the 5G-CLARITY project—in both static and dynamic scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheduler can manage the traffic distribution across different WATs and achieve the combined capacities of these technologies, approximately 1.4 Gbps in our tests, outperforming the other MPTCP schedulers. Recovery times after interruptions, such as coverage loss in one technology, were also measured, with values ranging from 400 to 500 ms.},
DOI = {10.3390/s24186022},
impact = {(IF=3.4, Q2)},
project = {6gchronos|6ginspire|5gclarity}}

"A LoRaWAN Architecture for Communications in Areas without Coverage: Design and Pilot Trials", Felix Delgado-Ferro, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Electronics, 11 (5), 2022. DOI: 10.3390/electronics11050804

This article proposes a system based on a long-distance communications system with low economic and energy costs that allows connectivity to be carried out independently from the existing cellular coverage in the area. In addition, it describes the design, development, implementation and analysis of an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture based on Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN). Moreover, the system has been deployed as a prototype, and the behavior and scope of the system have been analyzed in various real environments: urban, rural and natural. The results obtained from the analysis show that the system is suitable for working in areas without coverage such as mountains.

@Article{electronics11050804,
AUTHOR = {Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Chinchilla-Romero, Natalia and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose},
TITLE = {A LoRaWAN Architecture for Communications in Areas without Coverage: Design and Pilot Trials},
JOURNAL = {Electronics},
VOLUME = {11},
YEAR = {2022},
NUMBER = {5},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {804},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/5/804},
ISSN = {2079-9292},
ABSTRACT = {This article proposes a system based on a long-distance communications system with low economic and energy costs that allows connectivity to be carried out independently from the existing cellular coverage in the area. In addition, it describes the design, development, implementation and analysis of an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture based on Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN). Moreover, the system has been deployed as a prototype, and the behavior and scope of the system have been analyzed in various real environments: urban, rural and natural. The results obtained from the analysis show that the system is suitable for working in areas without coverage such as mountains.},
DOI = {10.3390/electronics11050804},
impact = {(IF=2.9, Q2)},
project = {6gchronos|true5g|artemis|premonition}
}

"A LoRaWAN Network Architecture with MQTT2MULTICAST", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Electronics, 11 (6), 2022. DOI: 10.3390/electronics11060872

In this work, an architecture for IoT networks oriented towards environmental sustainability is presented. Due to the suitability of its characteristics in terms of coverage, power and support of a large number of devices, an enhanced LoRaWAN network has been chosen as the basis for this proposal. The architecture is completed with the virtualization of the different LoRaWAN network entities and the usage of a software-defined network for their interconnection. The publication and subscription to environmental data is carried out by using the MQTT protocol. MQTT has been optimized thanks to the use of the SDN network and the use of edge computing resources, which allows multicasting of published data. Thanks to our developed MQTT2MULTICAST protocol, latency is improved by approx. 90% and the traffic load within the SDN network is reduced by 55%. An scalability analysis shows that this solution is able to support tens of thousands of LoRaWAN gateways. The proposed architecture has been implemented using commercial equipment as a proof of concept.

@Article{electronics11060872,
AUTHOR = {Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Chinchilla-Romero, Natalia and Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose},
TITLE = {A LoRaWAN Network Architecture with MQTT2MULTICAST},
JOURNAL = {Electronics},
VOLUME = {11},
YEAR = {2022},
NUMBER = {6},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {872},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/6/872},
ISSN = {2079-9292},
ABSTRACT = {In this work, an architecture for IoT networks oriented towards environmental sustainability is presented. Due to the suitability of its characteristics in terms of coverage, power and support of a large number of devices, an enhanced LoRaWAN network has been chosen as the basis for this proposal. The architecture is completed with the virtualization of the different LoRaWAN network entities and the usage of a software-defined network for their interconnection. The publication and subscription to environmental data is carried out by using the MQTT protocol. MQTT has been optimized thanks to the use of the SDN network and the use of edge computing resources, which allows multicasting of published data. Thanks to our developed MQTT2MULTICAST protocol, latency is improved by approx. 90% and the traffic load within the SDN network is reduced by 55%. An scalability analysis shows that this solution is able to support tens of thousands of LoRaWAN gateways. The proposed architecture has been implemented using commercial equipment as a proof of concept.},
DOI = {10.3390/electronics11060872},
impact = {(IF=2.9, Q2)},
project = {6gchronos|true5g|artemis|premonition}
}

"Empirical Evaluation of a 5G Transparent Clock for Time Synchronization in a TSN-5G Network", Julia Caleya-Sanchez, Pablo Munoz, Jorge Sanchez-Garrido, Emilio Florentin, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Pablo Rodriguez-Martin, Pablo Ameigeiras, "IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC'25)", 2025

@INPROCEEDINGS{caleya2025,
      title={Empirical Evaluation of a 5G Transparent Clock for Time Synchronization in a TSN-5G Network},
      author={Julia Caleya-Sanchez and Pablo Munoz and Jorge Sanchez-Garrido and Emilio Florentin and Felix Delgado-Ferro and Pablo Rodriguez-Martin and Pablo Ameigeiras},
      booktitle={IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC'25)},
      address={Istanbul, Türkiye},
      month={September},
      year={2025},
      COMMENTdoi = {https://doi.org/xxx},
      project={6gchronos|6ginspire},
      url={https://pimrc2025.ieee-pimrc.org/}
}

"Empirical Analysis of 5G TDD Patterns Configurations for Industrial Automation Traffic", Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Nuria Domenech, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Pablo Munoz, Seyed Mahdi Darroudi, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, "2025 European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)", 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit63408.2025.11037107

@INPROCEEDINGS{adamuz2025,
      title={Empirical Analysis of 5G TDD Patterns Configurations for Industrial Automation Traffic},
      author={Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa and Felix Delgado-Ferro and Nuria Domenech and Jorge Navarro-Ortiz and Pablo Munoz and Seyed Mahdi Darroudi and Pablo Ameigeiras and Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler},
      booktitle={2025 European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)},
      address={Poznan, Poland},
      month={June},
      year={2025},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit63408.2025.11037107},
      project={6gchronos|6ginspire},
      url={https://www.eucnc.eu/}
}

"6G-LoRaGRAN: A Testbed for Researching LoRaWAN and 5G Integration", Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, "IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (IEEE WCNC 2025)", 2025

@INPROCEEDINGS{chinchilla2024,
      title={6G-LoRaGRAN: A Testbed for Researching LoRaWAN and 5G Integration},
      author={Natalia Chinchilla-Romero and Jorge Navarro-Ortiz and Felix Delgado-Ferro and Juan M. Lopez-Soler},
      booktitle={IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (IEEE WCNC 2025)},
      address={Milan, Italy},
      month={March},
      year={2025},
      COMMENTdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC61545.2025.10978556},
      project={6gloragran|6gchronos|6ginspire},
      url={https://wcnc2025.ieee-wcnc.org/}
}

"Converting a weather station into a LoRaWAN-enabled device", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, "XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)", 2023

@INPROCEEDINGS{JITEL202322,
   author       = {Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Chinchilla-Romero, Natalia and Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose and Lopez-Soler, Juan Manuel},
   title        = {Converting a weather station into a LoRaWAN-enabled device},
   booktitle    = {XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)},
   year         = {2023},
   month        = {November},
   address      = {Barcelona, Spain},
   COMMENTdoi   = {xxx},
   project      = {premonition|true5g|6gchronos},
   url          = {https://jitel2023.salleurl.edu/libro-actas}
}

"Reduccion de la latencia en redes 5G-NR", Felix Delgado-Ferro, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, "XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)", 2023

@INPROCEEDINGS{JITEL202323,
   author       = {Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Chinchilla-Romero, Natalia and Lopez-Soler, Juan Manuel},
   title        = {Reduccion de la latencia en redes 5G-NR},
   booktitle    = {XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)},
   year         = {2023},
   month        = {November},
   address      = {Barcelona, Spain},
   COMMENTdoi   = {xxx},
   project      = {true5g|6gchronos|6ginspire},
   url          = {https://jitel2023.salleurl.edu/libro-actas}
}

"Transmission of images over LoRa", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, Fernando Tejero-Rodriguez, "XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)", 2023

@INPROCEEDINGS{JITEL20231,
   author       = {Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Chinchilla-Romero, Natalia and Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose and Lopez-Soler, Juan Manuel and Tejero-Rodriguez, Fernando},
   title        = {Transmission of images over LoRa},
   booktitle    = {XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)},
   year         = {2023},
   month        = {November},
   address      = {Barcelona, Spain},
   COMMENTdoi   = {xxx},
   project      = {premonition|true5g|6gchronos},
   url          = {https://jitel2023.salleurl.edu/libro-actas}
}

"WIMUNET: Current research on Internet of (Robotic) things and 5G", P. Munoz, L. Chinchilla-Romero, N. Chinchilla-Romero, J. Prados-Garzon, O. Adamuz-Hinojosa, F. Delgado-Ferro, J. Caleya-Sanchez, P. Rodriguez-Martin, P. Ameigeiras, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "Arqus Research Focus Forum - Artificial Intelligence and its applications, Granada", 2022

@INPROCEEDINGS{Auto_Ch23,
  author={P. Munoz and L. Chinchilla-Romero and N. Chinchilla-Romero and J. Prados-Garzon and O. Adamuz-Hinojosa and F. Delgado-Ferro and J. Caleya-Sanchez and P. Rodriguez-Martin and P. Ameigeiras and J. Navarro-Ortiz and J. J. Ramos-Munoz and J. M. Lopez-Soler},
  booktitle={Arqus Research Focus Forum - Artificial Intelligence and its applications, Granada},
  title={WIMUNET: Current research on Internet of (Robotic) things and 5G},
  year={2022},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={},
  project      = {5gclarity|true5g|6gchronos|premonition},
  doi={}}

"WiMuNet's research lines", J. Navarro-Ortiz, N. Chinchilla-Romero, L. Chinchilla-Romero, J. Prados-Garzon, F. Delgado-Ferro, P. Ameigeiras, P. Munoz-Luengo, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "VI Workshop on QoE, QoS on Multimedia Communications (QQCM'21)", ISBN 9788409311248, 2021

@Inproceedings{jnavarroqqcm21, author={J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and N. {Chinchilla-Romero} and L. {Chinchilla-Romero} and J. {Prados-Garzon} and F. {Delgado-Ferro} and P. {Ameigeiras} and P. {Munoz-Luengo} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}}, booktitle={VI Workshop on QoE, QoS on Multimedia Communications (QQCM'21)}, isbn={9788409311248}, title={WiMuNet's research lines}, year={2021}, url={https://sites.google.com/unizar.es/qqcm-2021/agenda}, project={5gclarity|true5g|artemis}}

"Arquitectura para redes IoT orientada a la sostenibilidad medioambiental (IoT network architecture for environmental sustainability)", J. Navarro-Ortiz, N. Chinchilla-Romero, F. Delgado-Ferro, J.J. Ramos-Munoz, "XV Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2021)", 2021

@INPROCEEDINGS{jnavarro_jitel21,  author={J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and N. {Chinchilla-Romero} and F. {Delgado-Ferro} and J.J. {Ramos-Munoz}},  booktitle={XV Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2021)}, title={Arquitectura para redes IoT orientada a la sostenibilidad medioambiental (IoT network architecture for environmental sustainability)}, year={2021}, project = {5gclarity|true5g|artemis}, pdf={https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/71142}}

"Rendimiento de Redes 4G/5G usando una estacion base real (Performance of 4G/5G networks using a real base station)", F. Delgado-Ferro, J. Navarro-Ortiz, L. Chinchilla-Romero, P. Munoz-Luengo, "XV Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2021)", 2021

@INPROCEEDINGS{fdelgado_jitel21a,  author={F. {Delgado-Ferro} and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and L. {Chinchilla-Romero} and P. {Munoz-Luengo}},  booktitle={XV Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2021)}, title={Rendimiento de Redes 4G/5G usando una estacion base real (Performance of 4G/5G networks using a real base station)}, year={2021}, project = {5gclarity|true5g}, pdf={https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/71140}}

"Arquitectura LoRaWAN para entornos sin cobertura (LoRaWAN network architecture for environments without coverage)", F. Delgado-Ferro, J. Navarro-Ortiz, N. Chinchilla-Romero, J.J. Ramos-Munoz, "XV Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2021)", 2021

@INPROCEEDINGS{fdelgado_jitel21b,  author={F. {Delgado-Ferro} and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and N. {Chinchilla-Romero} and J.J. {Ramos-Munoz}},  booktitle={XV Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2021)}, title={Arquitectura LoRaWAN para entornos sin cobertura (LoRaWAN network architecture for environments without coverage)}, year={2021}, project = {true5g|artemis}, pdf={https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/71143}}